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court

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Geeky doctor of history. I specialize in early modern Europe - performance, power, and pop culture.

Lover of cute things.
Tech Padawan.
she/her or they/them❤️💜💙

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court, to histodons
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#OnThisDay in #history - in 1587, perhaps the first female English novelist, Lady Mary Wroth (nee Sidney) was born. Learned, literary, and sophisticated, Mary was a favorite of Queen Anna of Denmark and danced in several of her masques. In addition to serving as a patron, she was friends with Ben Jonson and was noted for her writings by him and their contemporaries. She wrote Urania and was the first known woman in #England to have written a sonnet sequence.
#OTD #histodons @histodons

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in - in 1567, Catalina Micaela of was born in Madrid to Elisabeth of Valois and Philip II. She was likely namesake of her grandmother, Catherine de' Medici.
Well-educated, confident, and capable, Catalina Micaela was married to Charles Emmanuel of Savoy in 1585. Initially unpopular in Savoy (she was of foreign birth), Catalina Micaela earned loyalty by protecting Savoy from Spanish encroachment. She served as regent as well.
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in - in 1565 Marie de Gournay was born in - Marie was from an educated family (her father was a treasurer for the king). Through the family library, she was able to teach herself Latin and philosophy. She found the works of Montaigne, and after reaching out to him became an 'adopted daughter' of his. She was concerned for women and wrote in defense of their capabilities and equality to men. Marie was also a founder of the French Academy.
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in - in 1789, a group of market-women in , upset about the shortage and high price of bread, began to march toward Versailles. They gathered weapons and allies on the way, marching about six hours (church bells ringing all along the way in solidarity) and ending up over ten thousand supporters strong. By the time the royal family were escorted back to Paris, the crowd was at least sixty thousand.
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in - in 1836 Juliette Adam was born in Adam (nee Lambert) established an intellectual salon and wrote and published feminist works. She defended George Sand and Daniel Stern as writers. She advocated for women to be full actual French citizens, able to provide witness statements and, after marriage, to own the funds and other results of their labor. Adam's other political work attacked figures like Otto von Bismarck. She died in 1936.
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in - in 1858, Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse was born in - Duse, as she came to be known by, was born into an acting family, her grandfather & father both parts of traveling troupes. She became a member of their troupe at age 4, and acted until she retired in 1909. She was praised as one of, if not the, greatest actress of her generation (which included Sarah Bernhardt, who was a rival for roles). Duse was the first woman on the cover of Time.
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A copy of the cover of Time magazine from July 30, 1923. Duse is seen in two profiles, a younger version of herself looking to the viewer's right and an older one looking to the viewer's left.

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in - in 1850, Sarah Biffen died at age 66. Sarah was born without arms and grew up to be a well-respected miniature portraitist who received a pension from Queen Victoria. She built a studio from which she painted and sold her work - she was well known by Charles Dickens who mentioned her in some of his works. She was also commissioned by the queen to paint miniatures of the royal family, which drastically increased her popularity.

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in - Annie Besant (nee Wood) was born in 1847. Annie was born in London, and married at age 20, but the marriage fell apart in a few years. She separated from her husband and began to write - she was an ardent supporter of worker's and women's rights, even publishing a book on contraception (for which she was put on trial and custody of her daughter was given to her ex-husband). She advocated for Irish and Indian Home Rule and independence.
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in - in 1810, Elizabeth Gaskell (nee Stevenson) was born. Elizabeth was born in London to a well-to-do family. After her mother's death, she lived with her aunt in the countryside. There, she received a good education and after her marriage began to publish novels (all have been adapted by the BBC). She explored the lives of working class people in Manchester, and in her lifetime was lauded as the greatest English novelist since Jane Austen.
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in - in 1828, Charlotte Seuerling died around age 45. Charlotte Antonia was the daughter of a performing family - her father ran the theatre where her mother was star - and she was blinded at age 4 due to a botched smallpox inoculation. Charlotte didn't let that stop her, she became a well-known musician, composing and performing on both the harp and guitar for her parents' productions. She played for the queen and was known as the Songmaiden.
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in - in 1825, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was born in Baltimore. She was born to a free Black family but orphaned at age 3, when she was adopted by her abolitionist minister uncle. As a young woman, she published anti-slavery poetry and was the first Black woman to publish a short story in the USA.
She was a civil rights activist, gave lectures on abolition, & after the Civil War moved to the South to provide education to the newly freed people.
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in - in 1580, Katherine Brandon died aged 61. The daughter of Maria de Salinas, one of Katherine of Aragon's Spanish ladies-in-waiting, the younger namesake of the queen was a powerful woman in her own right. Baroness Willoughby by birthright, Katherine was a religious reformer who helped publish Katherine Parr's prayer book and built churches for immigrants fleeing persecution. She also possibly helped author parts of Foxe's Book of Martyrs.
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in - in 1915, Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte died aged 50. She was a public health and Indigenous rights advocate. As a child, she saw an older Indigenous woman die after a white doctor refused to treat her. This pushed Susan to become a physician herself, and she was one of, if not the first Indigenous person in the US to do so. She was valedictorian in her medical school cohort and went on to campaign for temperance and TB prevention and education.
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in - the Sultana Marija, Mara Branković, died in 1487 around age 70.
married off in an attempt get the Ottomans to stop invading Serbia (it didn't work), Mara was Sultana for about 16 years, and it was, as it was for so many medieval women, in her widowhood that she was able to guide her own destiny. She lived at the court of her step-son, Mehmed II and acted as a trusted advisor. She was well known for her influence, especially with the Church.
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in - in 1590, Maria de Zayas y Sotomayor was baptized in Madrid - not much is known of her early life, but she grew up to be a . Maria wrote what came to be known as the Spanish Decameron, the Novelas amorosas y ejemplares.
She was a and having written Friendship Betrayed, a comedy which focused on female friendships. She advocated for women's independence (and saw convents as places of women's freedom from men).
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in - in 1569, Vincenza Armani died around age 39. She was a multi-talented woman who was a lace maker, composer, poet, wax sculptor, and the first known prima donna of the Italian - She was a famous actress and singer, who specialized in commedia dell'arte.
She became famous from her first performance in 1565, in which she played a male character for the Zan Ganassa company in Mantua.
She was likely poisoned by a jilted ex-lover.
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in - The She-Majesty Generalissima of the English Cavaliers, Henriette Marie, died at the age of 59. She had been married to Charles I, king of when she was 15 years old. Henriette Marie was a loyal wife and queen, fundraising on the Continent during the English Civil Wars. Profoundly determined, she survived being shot at and escaped sharing in her husband's execution by protecting their children and taking them to France.
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in - Elizabeth I was born in 1533. The only surviving child of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII, Elizabeth was generally not raised as an heir to the throne - her little brother was born in 1537, and she had an older sister, Mary. The unlikely queen came to the throne in 1558. Elizabeth had the longest reign (44.5 years) of the Tudors, and one of the longest in English history. She is remembered as the Virgin Queen for never having married.
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in - in 1620 Isabella Leonarda was born in - at age 16, Isabella entered an Ursuline convent, where she began her prolific career. She was well known for her skills in her home city of Novara, and wrote at least 200 songs. She also taught the nuns in her convent how to play music. She was the first woman to publish her sonatas, and did so throughout her life. She died at age 83, after a 60 year long career.
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in - in 1764 Henriette Julie de Lemos was born in the Holy Roman Empire, & her family were of Portuguese & Jewish descent. Henriette grew up in a time of Jewish Emancipation in Berlin and was very well educated. She hosted a literary salon in Berlin after her marriage (her husband led a science group) that became well known. Because of this, she was part of a circle of intellectual elites, artists & authors. She even taught Hebrew to her attendees.
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in - according to tradition, a widow named Stamira sacrificed her life to help save her city, Ancona in 1173. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa sieged the city after it allied with the Byzantines. Attacked by Venice as well, Ancona had been under siege for over 4 months. To gain some respite, Anconitans threw a barrel with resin over the walls, but couldn't light it - Stamira ran out and did so herself, buying time for her neighbors.
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in - in 1869, Mary Ward died aged 42. She was an astronomer, author, and artist from She was also an expert at microscopy, and her drawings of specimens were published by David Brewster in his articles and books. She was one of 3 women on the mailing list of the Royal Astronomical Society (Queen Victoria and Mary Somerville were the others). Her cousins experimented with steam cars, and she was the first person to have been killed by one.
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in - in 1797 Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin was born in - daughter of political feminist author Mary Wollstonecraft and novelist William Godwin, Mary wed Percy Bysshe Shelley when she was 19. They lived abroad, her returning to England after Shelley's death. She worked as a writer and editor, collecting and annotating her husband's works and creating historical novels, biographical pieces, as well as her best known novel, Frankenstein.
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in - in 1815, Anna Ella Carroll was born in Maryland - as a child, she was educated by her father to act as his aide, which provided her a political and legal curriculum (her father was later governor of the state).
Anna wrote and published pamphlets for political candidates and causes. In 1860, with Abraham Lincoln's election, she freed all the people her family had enslaved, and later worked as a wartime advisor to the president.
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in - in 663 (according to the Lunar calendar), the Battle of Baekgang (백강 전투) was fought between the forces of Baekje/Yamato Japan and Silla/Tang China. Baekje and Silla were two of three Korean kingdoms (the third being Goguryeo) vying for supremacy of the peninsula. The Tang and Silla wanted Goguryeo out of the way but they had to defeat Baekje, Goguryeo's ally, first. Baekje attempted to restore their former prince to power, but were defeated.
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in - in 1695 Marie-Anne-Catherine Quinault was born in Strasbourg to a family of performers. She sang at the Academie Royale de Musique, gaining fame there and at the Comedie-Francaise. She continued singing and began composing for the Royal Chapel at Versailles. For her work, she was the only woman granted grand cordon of the Order of Saint Michael, by the intercession of the Duke of Orleans. Her earned her a pension from the king of France
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in - in 1559, Sophie Brahe was born. Sophie was the youngest sister of astronomer and scientist Tycho Brahe, and she grew up interested in the sciences, encouraged by him. She learned about medicine, astronomy, and horticulture, often assisting Tycho at Uraniborg. Her astronomical measurements - made without a telescope - were passed on to Tycho's pupil, Johannes Kepler, which he used in his works and so she indirectly influenced Isaac Newton.
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in - in 1664, Maria Cunitz died around age 53. She was a leading and and was well respected in her own lifetime. An all around academic, in 1650, Maria published her Urania Propitia (in both Latin and German) which both simplified and corrected Kepler's Rudolphine Tables of 1627. Because of her contributions, a crater on Venus and a minor planet were named after her.
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A statue memorial of Maria Cunitz in Poland. She is a metal statue, sitting on a bench, with her book title on a plaque on her lap.

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in 1831 a group of enslaved and free people, organized by Nat Turner, began an uprising against their oppressors in Virginia. They killed at least 55 people, leaving some of the poorest White homes alone. They were captured and largely killed by state militia within days. Legislative vengeance soon followed, with new laws making the enslaved condition even more restrictive than before. This was one of the most significant uprisings in .
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in - in 1836, Agnes Bulmer died in - Born to a middle class family, she had a good education. An from a young age, she was first published at 14, with The Death of Charles Wesley (published shortly after his death, his son praised her for the work). She wrote what is perhaps the longest poem in English by a woman, Messiah's Kingdom, which took over 9 years to write the over 14000 lines and it took 12 volumes to publish in 1833.
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#OnThisDay in #history - in 1612, the trial of the Samlesbury Witches began in Lancashire #England . It was a 2 day affair, where 3 women, Jane Southworth, Jennet Bierley, & Ellen Bierley were accused by a teen named Grace Sowerbutts.They were accused of taking the form of animals (a black dog); sucking the innards out of an infant & exhumed its body before boiling it in stew and using its rendered fat to anoint themselves.They were acquitted when Grace recanted.
#OTD #histodons @histodons

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in in 1492, the first written grammar of a modern European language, the Gramática de la lengua castellana (or The Grammar of the Castilian Language) was presented by its author Antonio de Nebrija, to Queen Isabel I. When asked why such a text was important, the Bishop of Avila responded that the aims were imperialistic - a conquered people needed to be able to learn the language of their conquerors, and this book would help them to do just that.
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in - in 1720 Anne Le Fèvre Dacier died at around age 75. Better known in her lifetime as Madame Dacier, Anne was an intellectual and used her skill at translation to support her household. Anne's father trained her in Latin and ancient Greek, himself a translator and inspector of the printing press at the Louvre. She became famous for her translations of Sappho, Marcus Aurelius, and especially her prose translation in 1699 of Homer's Iliad.
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#OnThisDay in #history - in 1040, the king of Alba (Scotland), Duncan I, died at the hands of the army of his cousin and rival, Macbeth. Duncan had inherited the throne from their grandfather, Malcolm II, as a young man. After Duncan's death, Macbeth ruled for 10 years, until his own death. Their story was dramatized in Shakespeare's Macbeth, written in 1606 as a means of soliciting recognition from the new king of England, James I, who hailed from Scotland.
#OTD #histodons @histodons

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in - in 1614, Lavinia Fontana died at the age of 61. She was born in Bologna, the daughter of a painter, who trained her in his craft. She became known as a portraitist, and she attracted wealthy and powerful patrons. When she married, her husband assisted her in her painting business. She was accepted to study at the University of Bologna and earned distinction. Lavinia may have also taught others as she advanced in her career.
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in - in 1757 Elizabeth Schuyler was born in Albany. Also called Eliza, she was known for her strong, warm, and impulsive character. In 1780, she married Alexander Hamilton, and they grew in social prominence. She dedicated herself to charities, leading, organizing, and fundraising for others, as well as defending her husband's legacy after his early death by duel. For her charity work, she was inducted into the National Museum of American History.
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in - in 1858, Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité Bonheur, Empress of Haiti, died at c. 100. Félicité was born to a freed but poor family. She was renowned for her kindness, that reputation born during the siege of Jacmel, when she worked on behalf of the starving people inside. She convinced those conducting the siege to let in supplies and married one of the leaders. She became Empress of Haiti in 1804, and was universally beloved.
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in - in 1560 Elizabeth Báthory was born in to a noble family (her uncle was king of ). Elizabeth suffered from seizures as a child, which may have led to an... obsession with blood cures. Later in life, as a widow, she was accused of having murdered over 300 young women. She was tried and put under house arrest for the remainder of her life. Regardless, the huge debt owed to her by the king was declared void at her imprisonment.
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in - Barbara Strozzi was baptized in 1619. From Venice, - Barbara was an accomplished singer from a young age and accompanied her signing at age 12 with a lute. In her early teens, she began training as a composer as well, Francesco Cavalli.
Barbara composed music prolifically also writing the poetic lyrics herself, and published 8 volumes of her own work. In her lifetime, she had more secular music in print than any other contemporary.
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in - in 1876, Mary Ritter (later Beard) was born. An historian, archivist, suffragist, and activist, Mary started her career as a German teacher, and after moving with her husband to England, became friends with Emmeline Pankhurst, and learned about the plight of the working class. She returned to the US and campaigned, organized, and fought for the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. She wrote several books focusing on women's history.
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Be careful about what you pick up. It might not be as inanimate as you think...

@poland @folklore
https://www.patreon.com/posts/possessed-71514002

court,
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@juergen_hubert @richardgrant @poland @folklore not exactly the same sort of thing - but objects imbued with souls is also a fascinating bit of folklore from Japan. I adore the concept of tsukumogami (付喪神). If an object has been used for 100 years, it gains self-awareness. Not a devil ribbon, but maybe a futon or teapot that plays tricks on you 😁 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukumogami

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in in 1938, Pearl White died aged 49. The daughter of a Missouri farmer, Pearl loved performing from an early age, and took to the stage at age 6. She performed as a rider in the circus and worked her way from singing into silent films while keeping down a day job to help support her family. Pearl earned a reputation for physical comedy and stunts, acting in many shorts and serials, being dubbed "Queen of the Serials" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Perils_of_Pauline_(1914_serial)
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in - María de los Dolores Asúnsolo y López Negrete was born in 1904. The 1st breakaway female Latin American Hollywood star, Dolores was born in to an aristocratic family who lost everything but their lives in the Mexican Revolution.
After marrying and moving to the US, she played silent films and talkies, which led to starring roles & earned her spot as the leading lady of Mexican Golden Age cinema, paving the way for later Latina stars.
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in - in 1343, Jeanne de Clisson took up a life of piracy to avenge her husband's execution at the hands of Philip VI. She sold her lands, hired men, and attacked the possessions of those who had murdered her husband. She procured three warships and painted them black. Her flagship was named My Revenge, and she harried French ships, killing all but one sailor on each boat to carry her message.
She became known as the Lioness of Brittany.
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in - in 1638, Sibylle Schwartz died at the age of 17 after a sudden illness. Sibylle was the daughter of the mayor of Greifswald (in northern or Pomerania) and she wrote from the age of 7. She wrote many poems influenced by her experiences living in the Thirty Years' War, when her town was occupied. Sibylle's work was published to much acclaim after her early death.
@histodons
Her collected poems:
https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Lms_AAAAcAAJ

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in - in 1751, Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart was born in (Holy Roman Empire). Marianne was a having been trained on the since she was 7 years old. Her father took her to various courts to have her perform and show off her talents. Marianne's younger brother, Wolfgang, wanted to play just like his big sister, and he was a prodigy as well. She taught piano and composed pieces herself, though none are extant.
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in - in 1846, Sophie Menter was born in - the daughter of two musicians, young Sophie was trained in and played with orchestras by the time she was 15. Sophie was admired as a virtuoso during her lifetime and was very popular, playing concerts all over. She become a member of 's Royal Philharmonic Society and a professor at Saint Petersburg Conservatory, but left as she preferred performing to teaching.
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court, (edited ) to histodons
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in - in 1609, Judith Leijster was baptized in the - the daughter of a brewer, she likely started art lessons to help pay for her family's needs. By 1629, she'd painted her first known/signed work and by 1633 she was a member of the Haarlem Guild of St Luke (possibly the first woman member!). Well-respected by her contemporaries, she saw success in her lifetime, but she was forgotten, her works attributed to someone else, until 1893.
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