One of my favorite TNG VFX ship battle scenes was this one in which the Riker's alternate future Enterprise-D zooms in vertically from the bottom to destroy the Klingon Bird of Prey. This perspective is different from the usual horizontal plane of battle which was more commonly shown on TNG.
In the scene with Picard and Deanna in the Captain's Ready room, Picard spoke with Riker on Picard's desk monitor. The image of Riker (Season 1, without the beard) was from a different episode. I think it's from "Arsenal of Freedom".
In the flashback scene to the "Encounter at Farpoint" - era. Captain Picard read the orders which assigned him command of the Enterprise. The orders were approved by Admiral Norah Satie.
We met her earlier in the memorable episode, "The Drumhead".
One of the nice aspects of this episode was that it had Data in command of the Enterprise-D for most of the episode.
Picard used the alias "Galen" while he was part of the mercenary group. I think that is a reference to Professor Galen, one of his Academy teachers who we saw in "The Chase".
On tonight's episode, Worf hotboxes his quarters and, after he's put on administrative leave for getting stoned while he's supposed to be on duty, he goes to get stoned with a bunch of Klingon monks.
"He doesn't seem to have any discrete organs, practically every system is equally distributed throughout the body." points to medical diagram showing discrete organs in specific locations in the body
Mike Okuda and his team were usually pretty good about things like that, just not in this case. Maybe the description they were given wasn't clear.
If this were #TNG, and they weren't stranded in the Delta quadrant, there would be a trial, like in "The Measure of a Man," but this is Janeway's Voyager.