Most C binaries usually do not contain everything needed for their execution. It would make them too platform-specific. What most c programs do is that they use standard c library from platform for low-level things and communication with the system like memory allocation or stdin/stdout things, for example.
It is easy to install another shell indeed, but it is quite difficult to configure it. While installation of DE is usually done with just one command. And you can use linux without DE, but not without shell. Many distributions even do not install DE by default at all.
Close, but not quite. This flag was used on the first Russian ships in 17th century. At that time Russia didn’t have it’s own fleet, so they just used the flag of the most powerful fleet at the time, that just happened to be Dutch. But it was not considered as the national flag. Later, after the February revolution, the flag of the Russian Empire was considered a “symbol of tsarism” at could no longer be used, so the provisional government just decided to use this flag as a placeholder, before the new one could be created. And after the fall of USSR Russian Federation just returned everything to how it was between February an October revolutions.
If you want serious optimizations - then Gentoo is your choice. But seriously, there won’t be any serious difference between distributions. What really matters here are DEs and browsers. I would recommend some kind of lightweight window manager like i3 or dwm. If you do not want to configure everything yourself, then your choice is lxde/lxqt. Also, you can use distros without systemd (void, artix, devuan, gentoo etc), but that does not matter that much.
It is extremely fast and simple. Also, it has its own “aur”, called xbps-src. But nowadays void is not just xbps, it is also defined by runit (which is also extremely fast and simple) and minimalist dependencies (you will have to manually install many things, that other distributions ship reinstalled, in case you need them. By the way, if you prefer GUI package manager, there is octoxbps (not an advantage of xbps, but you might want that when you try void linux).
Ukraine use ads for anti-putin propaganda. So the russian goverment told Google to moderate ads, or all Google services will be banned. Google decided to just disable ads in Russia completely.
Same design, different technologies. LXDE was dropped in favor of lxqt. In terms of performance both are almost the same, but in the future, when all of old code will be dropped from lxqt, it would be lighter. Also lxqt looks more modern compared to lxde.