Wine and Rosetta are fundamentally different things. Wine is a reimplementation of Windows APIs on Linux, whereas Rosetta is hardware emulation (famously, Wine Is Not an Emulator).
The equivalent of Rosetta on Linux is QEMU, and specifically qemu-user-static.
The thing about hardware emulation, though, is that it has a non-trivial processor overhead. Apple Silicon gets away with it because it’s a very fast chip which has been designed partly with hardware emulation in mind. Trying to emulate x86 on some generic off-the-shelf mobile ARM chip is not going to give great results.