This is making me think of the Oniverse games. Onirim is the only one I’ve played, but it’s solitaire, can be played two player (co-op), has a specific deck, you’re trying to make it through to the end and win (there are expansions which can be added which are only a few cards but completely change the game). It has been a very long time since I’ve played it so can’t actually remember how it works, but at one point I was playing it loads. It’s definitely worth looking at as it ticks a lot of the boxes on your list.