Humans mostly absorb iron through the duodenum, which is a very short bit of intestine near the stomach.
Herbivores, on the other hand, have either massively complex systems of stomachs, chew their cud to make nutrients more absorbable, or letting food ferment before digesting. The latter also works for humans, if you like fermented veggies.
Of course, diet also matters. Humans don’t eat all that high iron foods, but grass is a cow’s main food source and it’s high in iron.
I’m having trouble finding a comparable number for other animals, though. Apparently for a lot of trace elements (like copper or selenium) ruminants are actually much worse at absorption, because the microbes essentially put them into a less available form.
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