As much as I despise islam/Iran, it has nothing to do with weakness. It’s a religion thing. It’s one of the core principles of Islam to hate the Jews. It’s literally in the very first of the Quran. Former Muslim here.
“The Way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace[4] , not (the way) of those who earned Your Anger [5] (i.e. those who knew the Truth, but did not follow it) nor of those who went astray (i.e. those who did not follow the Truth out of ignorance and error).”
And here is the whole thing. Read 7 and what’s under it.
Edit: even though this doesn’t mention Jews per se, there are other “tafaseer” (which means translations of the Quran by different “experts”) that put as Jews alongside Christians and whomever doesn’t believe in Islam. Their beef with the Jews goes back thousands of years.