Okay, I might have found a fix but I didn’t think to reload any saves to verify it 100%
I took my bugged ship out and boarded a random low leveled enemy ship, cleared the hostiles on board, and undocked while in the new ship. I then boarded my original ship again and when I undocked again my shields were displaying the stats they were supposed to.
I think adding another ship to your collection might correct the glitch, so buying or finding a free one could also help. Or I got lucky and it randomly fixed itself, hard to say for sure.