Surprisingly or maybe not, the formation of this network is well predicted by a linear model which is about 50 years old: “the Zeldovich approximation” , by Y. B. Zeldovich (1970).
Conceived in an epoch in which computing was not very accessible, this simple yet incredibly powerful model can well predict the shaping of matter into a cosmic web just using a linear approximation, and nothing more than a simple x = velocity * time formula.