@Deglassco@mastodon.social
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Deglassco

@[email protected]

Lecturer l Doctoral Candidate/ABD in History and Sociology of American Media Representation of Race, Class, and Public History, Rutgers, New Brunswick. NO JUSTICE NO PEACE >> BLACK LIVES MATTER. I always follow back. Just give me a bit of time. #historodons #journodons #BlackMastodon

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Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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U.S. Deputy Marshal Bass Reeves was the most feared lawman of the old West. Standing a muscular 6‘2“ tall, he was was relentless and absolutely formidable. Alive or on a stretcher, Reeves always got his man, no matter how long it took, or how arduous the task. No sensible outlaw messed with him. But some fools had to find out the hard way.

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To read uninterrupted:
https://open.substack.com/pub/400years/p/wyatt-earp-couldnt-be-a-patch-on?r=1pv9e3&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcome=true

Image: “Bass Reeves,” by James Loveless.

@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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For Bass Reeves, one of the first Black lawmen operating in this environment was fraught with dangers. Not only did he have to contend with the usual risks, but he also had to navigate a society rife with racism and discrimination.

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Image: “Bass Reeves” by Jack Sorenson

If you want to read uninterrupted text:
https://open.substack.com/pub/400years/p/even-more-brave-than-we-imagined?r=1pv9e3&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web

Video:
https://youtube.com/

Video 2:
https://youtube.com/@BlackBiographics?si=ZnkcUTxTqLClBetS

Image: "Bass Reeves, Lawman" Jack Sorenson

@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Born 99 years ago today, Shirley Chisholm knew she wasn’t going to win when she ran for president 48 years later in 1972. America wasn’t ready for her. But she was going to get it ready! The fiery former teacher wanted to redefine the realm of the possible and give a voice to those who were traditionally marginalized in the political process.

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Uninterrupted text:

https://open.substack.com/pub/400years/p/if-they-dont-give-you-a-seat-at-the?r=1pv9e3&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web

Image: Mural, Shirley Chisholm State Park, Brooklyn NY

@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to random
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They referred to her as “Moses” for guiding the enslaved from the South to freedom in the North. But, Harriet Tubman’s resistance to slavery extended beyond her role in the Underground Railroad. As a Union Army soldier and spy during the Civil War, she made history by becoming the first woman to lead an armed U.S. military mission.

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Image: “Harriet Tubman,” by Mark Fredrickson

Blog: https://open.substack.com/pub/400years/p/will-we-believe-our-lying-eyes?r=1pv9e3&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web

Videos:
https://youtube.com/

https://youtube.com/@BlackBiographics?si=kEV7S1ZL70qlLFCK

#History #BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to random
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There is an iconic photograph of a black man in what resembles a confederate uniform. It suggests that he was a confederate soldier. In reality, he was a slave. This misrepresentation obscures complex and often painful truths of history, replacing them with a simplified and inaccurate account.

To read uninterrupted text: https://open.substack.com/pub/400years/p/will-we-believe-our-lying-eyes?r=1pv9e3&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web

Video Blog: https://youtube.com/

Video Blog 2: https://youtube.com/@BlackBiographics?si=kEV7S1ZL70qlLFCK

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Image: Clark Lee, an enslaved black man to a Confederate white officer,

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Even if Mahalia Jackson, born 112 years ago today, had not been sitting behind Marin Luther King on August 26, 1963, the magnitude of her performances would’ve been unassailable. But on that day, the Queen of Gospel not only delivered a soul-stirring performance preceding Dr. King but an often overlooked moment underscores the preeminent role she played in shaping his most memorable speech.

@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

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Image: “Mahalia Jackson” by Kelly Latimore

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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While figures like Martin Luther King Jr. & Rosa Parks are well-known, there were countless local leaders who galvanized their communities. People like
Fannie Lou Hamer (MS), Ella Baker (VA), and Amelia Boynton (Selma AL), who emphasized the importance of grassroots organizing, were pivotal to the success of the Civil Rights Movement in America.

Image: Amelia Boynton knocked unconscious during Bloody Sunday.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to random
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Unlike some others, Harriet Tubman did not believe the abolitionist John Brown was crazy. Indeed, she had deep respect for Brown and supported his militant approach to the abolition of slavery, something that was somewhat uncommon at that time when many anti-slavery agitators were advocating for a more pacifist approach.

Image: Harriet Tubman between 1871 and 1876.

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Deglassco, to random
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Exactly 60 years ago, at 10:22 AM on a Sunday, 4 members of the Ku Klux Klan planted a bomb at the 16th Street Baptist Church, in Birmingham Alabama.The blast was so powerful that it blew a hole in the church’s wall, shattered windows, and caused damage to buildings nearby. It killed 6 children and injured more than 20 people. But why that church and that city? Read on.

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Image: Color poster of the four little girls killed in the 16th Street, Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham.

Deglassco,
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By the time in 1963 when a group of KKK members planted a bomb made of dynamite beneath the steps of the 16th Street Baptist Church, Birmingham, Alabama had been was a hotspot of racial tension and civil rights activism for years. The city had earned a bitter nickname: “Bombingham,” owing to the numerous bombings targeted at black communities and civil rights activists.

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Image: Façade of a 16th Street, Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.

Deglassco,
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These tensions were exacerbated by the aggressive stance of the city’s public safety commissioner, Eugene “Bull” Connor, a known segregationist who used violent means to quash civil rights protests and demonstrations.

This act of terrorism occurred on a Sunday, a day when the the bombers knew the church would be bustling with community members attending services.

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Image: Commissioner of Public Safety and antagonist, Theophilus Eugene “Bull” Connor. Photo of Connor in early 20th century.

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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When Dangerfield Newby, a member of John Brown’s heroic but ill-fated effort to institute a slave rebellion, was killed and mutilated by vengeful townspeople, the events did not immediately change the fortunes of his wife, Harriet Newby, and her children, and the rest of his family. Their sacrifice , like so many millions of others, was only just beginning.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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While history often remembers John Brown’s assault on the Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, it forgets 5 Black Americans who joined him, including a man named Dangerfield Newby. Dangerfield Newby’s motivation for joining Brown was rooted in his love for his family,. His story id a powerful reminder of the enduring struggle for freedom by ordinary people. They are worthy of remembering.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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The March on Washington was the product of a long and arduous journey. Each moment built upon the previous one, generating momentum and solidarity among civil rights activists. By the time the march occurred in 1963, it stood on the shoulders of decades of activism, struggle, and resilience.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Emmitt Till’s murder, the sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & the March on Washington were distinct elements within the Civil Rights struggle that contributed to the larger goal of eliminating racial violence, challenging segregation, & achieving civil rights reforms. Collectively, they showcased resilience, strategic diversity, & the movement’s ability to leverage various forms of activism to effect change.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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The March on Washington did not happen, spontaneously. It grew out of decades of interconnected efforts by myriad civil rights stakeholders. Among these were the founding of the NAACP, the flowering of the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance, and the monumental court case, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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60 years ago this week, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, delivered “I Had a Dream” at a seminal event in American history. The idea of a march of thousands of people united in the search for justice, equality, and equal opportunity percolated in the minds of organizers for decades. Years before Black Americans had been thinking and strategizing.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Rodney King suffered a fractured skull and cheekbone after being beaten by 4 Los Angeles, CA police officers, who were charged with a number of offenses. Many Angelenos felt certain of a conviction. After all, there was irrefutable proof in the form of a video captured by George Holliday, then, blasted across the airwaves. Wrong! Not guilty!

3 hours later, Los Angeles was in flames.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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The 1980s brought rising poverty, unemployment, gang activity, drugs & violent crime to the poorer neighborhoods of Los Angeles, CA. Repeated violent encounters between police officers and civilians led many minority communities to believe that LAPD brass were not holding officers accountable, Thus, the stage was set for one of the most significant civil uprisings in American history.

https://youtu.be/3MRFdYPLRX0?si=G3fxiBN9YtR2Y5u9

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Although sparked by the acquittal of 4 white police officers who beat Rodney King, the roots of the 1992 Los Angeles riots can be traced back through decades of racial, economic, & political tensions. Therefore, to understand the magnitude & depth of anger that fueled the riots, one must consider the historical context that set the stage for this tumultuous event.

https://youtu.be/FGRRpgOxMn8

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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On July 15, 1944, in Bristol England, the "Park Street Riot" occurred as 400 Black soldiers confronted 120 MPs over pub access. Observers later recounted that locals rooted for the Black troops. Like the Battle of Bamber Bridge a year earlier, this event underscored the racism Black troops faced as well as the disconnect between how they were treated overseas vs in their own country.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, (edited ) to blackmastodon
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In 1943, U.S. forces in Britain expected to export racial segregation. When white American Military Police (MPs) insisted a local pub segregate, the owner said he would. When MPs returned next day, they were met with “Blacks Only” signs & British barmaids telling white soldiers to wait their turn when they thiught they would be served before black soldiers. This set the stage for the epic Battle of Bamber Bridge.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, (edited ) to blackmastodon
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In WW2, the movement of millions of American troops to Britain, known as the “friendly invasion,” brought to light stark differences concerning racial segregation. Many Britons struggled to understand or accept the institutionalized discrimination that Black soldiers faced in White America, leading to tensions between the two allied nations on the matter of civil rights.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, (edited ) to blackmastodon
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Louis Daniel Armstrong's relationship with racism influenced not only his music but also the broader discourse on race in America. The barriers he broke as a Black musician are undeniable. The “Uncle Tom” criticism levied at him by some prominent Black Americans of the day was a reflection of the complex & sometimes contentious relationship between art, politics, & race in the United States.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, (edited ) to blackmastodon
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Because of his willingness to play for segregated audiences, throughout much of his life, Louis Armstrong was called a sellout and an Uncle Tom by many Black Americans, But, in 1957, Satchmo blew up-—blasting Eisenhower to bits for not condemning treatment of Black American students in the South. His passionate words made world headlines, alienated many white fans, and divided Black America.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, (edited ) to blackmastodon
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Born 122 years ago this week, Louis Armstrong's charisma & warmth captivated audiences globally. But, by the 1950s and 1960s, many Black Americans perceived him as outdated, out of touch with civil rights, and hesitant to voice his opinions—labeling him an "Uncle Tom." This deeply wounded Armstrong. But he was a far more complex & nuanced man than they knew.

https://youtu.be/WPspHmFoEYs

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Paul Robeson’s courage in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee made him a symbol of resistance for subsequent generations of civil rights activists & dissenters, who saw in his actions a model of courage in the face of political intimidation. He stood firm for his beliefs, despite the significant cost, and pushed back against the violation of civil liberties.

https://youtu.be/VhnCrHZkgNk

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, (edited ) to blackmastodon
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When they were called before the House Un-American Activities Committee, athletes Jackie Robinson and Paul Robeson were compelled to advocate for the loyalty, value, and patriotism of Black Americans to a predominantly white society riddled with pervasive racial prejudice. As symbolic representatives for the entire Black community, they bore a burden heavy with expectations and public scrutiny.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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The perception of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X is one where the two men are diametrically opposed figures in the battle against white supremacy (political insider vs. political renegade). The truth is more nuanced. King and Malcolm X shared "convergent visions" for the betterment of Black America. However, their strategies to attain their shared goal were shaped by their disparate upbringings.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon #BlackMastodon #Histodons #History #StillWeRise

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Issued on July 26, 1948, Harry Truman’s Executive Order 9981 eradicated segregation in military. The response from the military units, however, ranged from muted to outright hostility. This was no surprise. Truman’s decision & the reactions to it symbolized Black Americans’ broad struggle for dignity, respect, opportunity, and freedom in the United States of America.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Exactly 75 years ago, President Harry S. Truman repudiated 170 years of officially sanctioned discrimination when he signed Executive Order 9981, calling for desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces. This event marked the first time a U.S. commander in chief used executive order to implement a civil rights policy, inspiring America to embrace desegregation in the future.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Enslaved Africans brought diverse cultural practices with them to the Americas. Among these was the "ring shout,” a fusion of dance, music, & ritual. “Shouts” offered a way for the enslaved to preserve their culture, & find strength & connection during difficult times. This dance has been practiced for generations & has had a significant impact on Black-American religious & musical traditions.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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Black-American musical expression during enslavement laid the foundation for blues, jazz, country, gospel, rock ‘n’ roll, R&B, & popular music. Emerging from oppression, it reflected resilience & creativity, becoming anthems for civil rights movements the world over. The emotive force and cultural distinctiveness of those early songs endure, nurturing the ongoing struggle for a more just world.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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In 1920, Mamie Smith became the FIRST Black American to record a Blues song. "Crazy Blues” ushered in a new era of "race records.” Previously, white singers copied Black vocal styles in blues recordings, while Black entertainers like Ma Rainey, Ethel Waters, & Bessie Smith were confined to the "Chitlin Circuit." Mamie Smith’s success paved the way for black blues & jazz musicians to thrive.

https://youtu.be/OiJrBgbwsJw

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco, to blackmastodon
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British Caribbean slavery, cornerstone of the British empire, was characterized by extreme & brutal exploitation. It yielded substantial wealth for a privileged few and the British government, but inflicted immense suffering on the majority of enslaved individuals, making them the most overworked & harshly treated people in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. This history had enduring consequences.

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@blackmastodon @BlackMastodon

Deglassco,
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@failedLyndonLaRouchite @Deglassco @blackmastodon @BlackMastodon The point of that post was not to say that the British have not replicated oppression across the world, better or worse in some areas. The point was that the brutality of the enslavement in the Caribbean was far worse than any other known form of enslavement during that era or since. The scholarship is clear on that. There was a method to the plantation madness. It was to maximize profits and use human beings as disposable goods.

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