OP, they look through telescopes and figure out how far away the stars are. They record it in a little diagram on a computer and eventually they get a good idea of what it looks like from the outside.
Epic Spaceman made a video about it where he showed how it looks from an outside perspective and our point of view while explaining a bunch of other things.
Wow. Amazing. Like what kind of an answer is “if you’re inside a car you can see the car”. This doesn’t answer a damned thing!
We don’t “know” what kind of galaxy we are in because we’ve never seen it from the outside. That would be impossible with our current technology.
Instead we have made very smart evidence-based assumptions as to how our galaxy looks.
What we know is that we are definitely in a galaxy because the general structure of the universe precludes such a conclusion. The extreme vast majority of matter is condensed in structures that are very uniform, we call them galaxies, therefore we must also be in one.
On a very clear night in certain parts of the world we are able to see in the sky a large elongated collection of stars which the ancients called the Milky Way because it resembles milk flowing down a smooth surface or something along those lines. What we currently believe is that that elongated formation of stars is an arm of one of the spirals that comprises our galaxy. We are also able to look at other structures using telescopes in our galaxy for example we have determined that we have a supermassive black hole in the center as many other spiral galaxies do as well.
So to answer your question we cannot see the Milky Way galaxy as a whole only certain parts of it and we’ve been able to draw conclusions by seeing other galaxies.
All the other comments here making neurotic epitaphs and idiotic analogies about how seeing something from the inside is the same as seeing something from the outside is just dumb and pompous if you don’t know the answer don’t say anything.
The same way as I can see most of my body even though I am inside it. Indeed, without a mirror I cannot check whether I got a drunk tramp stamp tattoo last night, but I can still see most of my body and get a decent idea on the shape it as, especially when comparing with other’s people bodies
Your question needs rewording because as its written right now the answer would be that you just look up at night and all the stars you see, are the milky way.
The English phrase is “missing the forest for the trees”
Not quite the same as chess blindness. Possibly the opposite. It basically means: being unable to see (or ignoring) the bigger picture because you’re too focused on minor individual details
In case you mean pictures like this; upload.wikimedia.org/…/Milky_Way_Galaxy.jpg - they are not actually images of the Milky Way. As you’ve guessed, we can’t directly see it in its full spirally goodness from the inside. Instead, these pictures are either artist’s impressions based on scientific understanding, or pictures of different galaxies that are reckoned to be pretty similar to the Milky Way.
Though someday we may find a gigantic space mirror that allows us to see our own galaxy by zooming in on it enough.
The space mirror will be formed by some weird gravitational pattern that happens to send light back the way it came. Not like literal glass floating in space. Just some kind of optical distortion that acts as a mirror.
But we’ll be looking at our galaxy a long time ago.
Over 26000 years ago if the mirror was placed at the very edge of the milky way. I wonder how many light years away the mirror would have to be to fit the whole image of the galaxy inside it.
I just can’t even begin to get my head around those numbers, I am a tiny insignificant ant.
When we look at the sky, there is a line where there is way more stars than usual. This line goes all the way around the sky. This was called the milky way by the Greeks because it was like a road sparkled with milk drops. At some point, we deduced that we were in a group of stars arranged in a flat disk. Later, we realized that some weird space clouds (nebulae) were much further away than we thought and were actually other huge groups of stars like our own that we named galaxies, still after milk.
There are more details me course. Even along the line in the sky drawn by the milky way, there is one side where there is much more stars and dust than the other. We deduced that we were at the edge of the disk and the bright region was the center of our galaxy. Also, the amount of gas and dust that block certain types of light that teach us that our galaxy has arms.
That’s definitely the more PG-13 version of why the ancient Greeks called it the Milky Way lol. Alternate version from Wikipedia:
In Greek mythology, Zeus places his son born by a mortal woman, the infant Heracles, on Hera’s breast while she is asleep so the baby will drink her divine milk and thus become immortal. Hera wakes up while breastfeeding and then realizes she is nursing an unknown baby: she pushes the baby away, some of her milk spills, and it produces the band of light known as the Milky Way.
Great explanation, although I want to clarify that not all nebulae are galaxies. Nebulas are massive clouds of dust and gas that are found within galaxies. Other galaxies were previously thought to be nebulas in space outside of the Milky Way, called extragalactic nebulae. However, in the early 1900s it was proven that these were actually other galaxies and not nebulas, so the term is no longer used.
While there are nebulae in other galaxies, they are not easily visible to us, so the word nebula generally refers to those contained within the Milky Way.
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